Measurement of lactate as an indicator of stress in Rhizoprionodon longurio and Sphyrna lewini during shark tagging
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Lactate is considered one of the main metabolic indicators of stress in sharks because it is closely related to the anaerobic metabolism that occurs during exhaustive exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tagging process by measuring blood lactate levels in 2 species of sharks. Lactate levels were measured in 17 juvenile sharks, including Rhizoprionodon longurio (n = 8) and Sphyrna lewini (n = 9), captured as bycatch using small pelagic purse seine gear. The results showed that both handling time (P = 0.0012) and species (P = 0.022) significantly affected blood lactate levels, according to the generalized linear model. On the other hand, the differences between species were explained by the higher sensitivity of R. longurio, which showed a greater tendency to present higher lactate values compared to S. lewini (P = 0.0088). For both species, handling time should remain between 15 to 25 min, from capture during seine closure to release, to reduce the probability of mortality. This study has corroborated that the tagging technique in sharks causes high blood lactate levels as a function of handling time and species. However, it is recommended that future studies work with a larger sample in conjunction with post-capture monitoring in order to conclusively establish that lactate is an indicator of animal welfare in relation to handling time and species.
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