Evaluación de 2 métodos de incubación ex situ para huevos de tortugas marinas considerando temperatura del nido, éxito de eclosión, y calidad de los neonatos

Contenido principal del artículo

Diana Rubí Ríos-Huerta
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-1283
Milagros González-Hernández
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-0466
Catherine E Hart
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-2523
Antonio Ramírez-Guillén
Katherine EC Santos

Resumen

Dentro del programa de conservación de tortugas marinas en Boca de Tomates, Jalisco (México), todos los nidos de Lepidochelys olivacea son reubicados a corral de playa o a cajas de poliestireno debido a la recolección ilegal de huevos, la depredación, la erosión y las altas temperaturas de la arena. Con ambos métodos de incubación evaluamos los siguientes términos de viabilidad del nido y calidad de los neonatos: éxito de eclosión, temperatura del nido, duración de incubación y calidad de neonatos (desempeño locomotor, morfometría, peso y malformaciones congénitas). El éxito de eclosión fue significativamente mayor en corral (promedio = 77.4%, n = 1368) que en cajas (promedio = 59.91%, n = 1,160) (P < 0.001). Los nidos incubados en corral eclosionaron en menor tiempo que aquellos incubados en cajas (corral = 46 d, cajas = 51 d) (P < 0.001) debido a una temperatura promedio significativamente más elevada (corral = 32.62 ºC, cajas = 30.58 ºC) (P < 0.001). El corral fue expuesto a menor variabilidad de la fluctuación térmica diaria (corral = 1.46 ºC, cajas = 2.69 ºC) (P < 0.001). No encontramos diferencia significativa en ningún parámetro de calidad de los neonatos entre los métodos de incubación (P > 0.050). Determinamos que las malformaciones en L. olivacea tienen baja prevalencia (corral = 1.35%, caja = 1.89%) y bajo índice de intensidad por organismo (corral = 1.52, cajas = 1.89) en este sitio. Este es el primer estudio que conocemos que compara la calidad de neonatos de una misma especie (L. olivacea) entre estos 2 métodos de incubación ex situ en la misma ubicación y durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Realizar estudios similares a este es importante, puesto que la calidad de los neonatos puede contribuir a su capacidad de supervivencia y reproducción.

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Ríos-Huerta, D. R., González-Hernández, M., Hart, C. E., Ramírez-Guillén, A., & Santos, K. E. (2021). Evaluación de 2 métodos de incubación ex situ para huevos de tortugas marinas considerando temperatura del nido, éxito de eclosión, y calidad de los neonatos. Ciencias Marinas, 47(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v47i4.3225
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