Factors determining the ocean–atmosphere CO2 flux variability in 5 coastal zones of the Gulf of California

Main Article Content

Pedro Morales-Urbina
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0469
T Leticia Espinosa-Carreón
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-7757
Saúl Álvarez-Borrego
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-8678
José Martín Hernández-Ayón
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6225
Luz de Lourdes Aurora Coronado-Álvarez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5572-3247
Lorena Flores-Trejo
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-9942
Cecilia Chapa-Balcorta
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-0844

Abstract

The Gulf of California (GC) features many oceanographic processes. It communicates with the Pacific Ocean via a surface water outflow (0–200 m) with relatively low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) values and a water inflow (200–600 m) with high DIC values. Data on the marine carbon system in the GC are scarce and most have been taken from the Midriff Islands region, in the central part of the gulf. We explored possible forcing agents that control the ocean–atmosphere CO2 flux (fCO2) variability in 5 coastal zones of the GC. We carried out 6 oceanographic cruises in 5 regions: off northern Sinaloa in September 2016 (NAV2016) and in March 2017 (NAV2017), in the Guaymas Basin (central gulf) in September 2016 (GUA2016), in Concepción Bay (Baja California Sur) in July 2017 (BC2017), in Mulegé (Baja California Sur) in July 2017 (MUL2017), and off Mazatlán (southern gulf) in July 2017 (MAZ2017). We measured temperature, salinity, DIC, and total alkalinity and calculated the surface water partial pressure of CO2 and fCO2. We also used sea surface height anomaly with geostrophic flow, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll concentration data from satellite imagery to generate composites for the sampling days. The lowest temperature, highest DIC, and negative fCO2 were registered in NAV2017. NAV2016, GUA2016, and BC2017 showed the highest temperatures; and MUL2017 and MAZ2017, intermediate temperatures. The most contrasting fCO2 values occurred in GUA2017 (0.56 ± 0.46 mmol C·m–2·d–1) and MAZ2017 (–2.26 ± 1.85 mmol C· m–2·d–1). In general, fCO2 is determined by the oceanographic conditions of each study area.

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Morales-Urbina, P., Espinosa-Carreón, T. L., Álvarez-Borrego, S. ., Hernández-Ayón, J. M., Coronado-Álvarez, L. de L. A., Flores-Trejo, L., & Chapa-Balcorta, C. (2022). Factors determining the ocean–atmosphere CO2 flux variability in 5 coastal zones of the Gulf of California. Ciencias Marinas, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2022.3265
Section
Research Article
Author Biographies

T Leticia Espinosa-Carreón, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional

Luz de Lourdes Aurora Coronado-Álvarez, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

 

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