Assessment of the effectiveness of clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), and 2-phenoxyethanol for anesthetizing juvenile Pacific White Snook (Centropomus viridis)
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In marine fish farming, the use of anesthetics is necessary to reduce the stress associated with routine procedures, such as capturing, handling, and obtaining biometric measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum effective concentration of 3 anesthetic agents: clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), and 2-phenoxyethanol. Each anesthetic was evaluated in 9 juvenile Pacific White Snook (Centropomus viridis) at different concentrations. The efficacy criteria considered were the induction time to deep anesthesia (stage III), within a duration of less than 180 s, and the recovery time (RT), no greater than 300 s. In addition, the survival of juveniles was evaluated during the experimental period and for 72 h after exposure to the anesthetics. The minimum effective concentrations were determined to be between 50–75 mg·L–1 for clove oil, 125 mg·L–1 for MS-222, and 500 µg·L–1 for 2-phenoxyethanol, with no visible adverse effects. Inverse correlations were observed between the anesthetic concentrations and induction time (stage III); however, only the clove oil concentration showed a positive correlation with the RT. No mortality was observed during exposure to the anesthetic agents or during the 72 h following the experiment at any of the evaluated concentrations of each anesthetic.
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