Penaeus vannamei desafiado con una cepa de Vibrio parahaemolyticus NHPA muestra un desequilibrio de la microbiota hepatopancreática
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El cultivo de camarón blanco Penaeus vannamei representa una de las actividades acuícolas más importantes del mundo, con una elevada tasa de crecimiento. Sin embargo, el proceso de intensificación induce efectos secundarios negativos sobre la salud del organismo, relacionados con un fenómeno de disbiosis. Como consecuencia, se han reportado enfermedades en los estanques de camarón atribuibles principalmente a las bacterias del género Vibrio. Es fundamental estudiar la diversidad y ecología de las bacterias asociadas en los sistemas acuícolas para prevenir y controlar enfermedades. Por ello, el presente estudio analiza la carga bacteriana y la variación de la población microbiana en el hepatopáncreas de P. vannamei infectado con una cepa patógena de Vibrio parahaemolyticus (denominada CVP2) asociada a la enfermedad de la necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (NHPA) en condiciones controladas. Los resultados mostraron un cambio importante en la estructura de la comunidad microbiana del hepatopáncreas de P. vannamei. Además, la presencia del género Vibrio aumentó considerablemente y fue claramente dominante en comparación con el control. Los resultados muestran una disbiosis de la microbiota del hepatopáncreas y constricciones en los túbulos hepatopancreáticos (signos característicos de la NHPA en etapas tempranas) antes de la manifestación visible de la enfermedad.
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