Evaluación de la influencia de la densidad de siembra de peces en el crecimiento del pargo flamenco cultivado en jaulas flotantes usando modelos de crecimiento y pruebas no paramétricas
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En la piscicultura, el crecimiento es el factor más influyente en la rentabilidad económica. Por tanto, optimizar la biomasa es una preocupación creciente. Se analizó la influencia de 3 densidades de cosecha (15, 20 y 22 kg·m–3) en el crecimiento del pargo flamenco cultivado en jaulas flotantes. Para evaluar el impacto de la densidad de población en el crecimiento, usamos 2 indicadores: la longitud total final por edad (12 meses) y la tasa de crecimiento estimada a partir de modelos de crecimiento (von Bertalanffy, logístico y Gompertz). Para el primer indicador, evaluamos la normalidad. Realizamos la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar la longitud media total final asociada a cada densidad, seguido de una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis post hoc. Los resultados sugieren que las medias de las densidades D15 y D20 fueron estadísticamente iguales (valor de P = 0.22). Para el segundo indicador, ajustamos los modelos con el paquete estadístico R (algoritmo L-BFGS-B). El modelo se seleccionó con los criterios de información de Akaike y Bayesiano. Ambos criterios sugirieron que el modelo logístico se ajustó mejor a los datos. Con el modelo logístico, hicimos 1,000 simulaciones bootstrap para cada densidad para determinar la distribución de la estimación de máxima verosimilitud para la tasa de crecimiento instantáneo. Como las estimaciones tuvieron distribución normal, usamos un ANDEVA para probar la igualdad del crecimiento instantáneo. La prueba diferencia significativa honesta de Tukey sugirió que todas las medias eran estadísticamente diferentes. La tasa de crecimiento más alta (K = 0.275) correspondió a la densidad de 20 kg·m–3. Estos hallazgos demuestran que el modelo logístico puede predecir el crecimiento del pargo flamenco en condiciones de cultivo. Estos resultados fortalecen el potencial productivo y la rentabilidad económica de la acuicultura de pargos en jaulas flotantes y pueden ser el comienzo de la acuicultura a escala comercial.
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