Censos nocturnos revelan abundantes poblaciones de erizos de mar con alto potencial erosivo en Cayo Arenas, Banco de Campeche
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Los erizos de mar son animales que ejercen funciones ecológicas clave en los arrecifes de coral, como la herbivoría y la erosión de estructuras calcáreas, las cuales se intensifican durante la noche. El arrecife Cayo Arenas, Banco de Campeche, México, se encuentra alejado de la costa y eso ha favorecido que se mantenga protegido de amenazas antropogénicas directas. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con información sobre el estado de las poblaciones de erizos y los procesos de bioerosión que cumplen en el arrecife. Por tal motivo, realizamos monitoreos diurnos y nocturnos de erizos para caracterizar la densidad poblacional en función del ciclo diurno y estimar su potencial bioerosivo. Los monitoreos se realizaron en 3 sitios a diferentes profundidades de muestreo (10-19 m) y con distinta heterogeneidad arrecifal relacionada con 2 componentes: cobertura coralina y cobertura de arena. Todos los monitoreos se realizaron en julio de 2023. En general, se observó una población abundante de erizos, principalmente de Diadema antillarum. Durante la noche la abundancia (14.5 ± 3.8 ind) y la tasa de bioerosión (1.55 ± 0.53 kg CaCO3·m–2·año–1) fueron mayores que en el día (2.6 ± 0.8 ind y 0.2 ± 0.06 kg CaCO3·m–2·año–1). Asimismo, observamos que la profundidad y la geomorfología del arrecife parecieron influir en el patrón de la densidad de los erizos. En sitios con alta heterogeneidad arrecifal, la densidad de erizos durante la noche fue mayor, lo que podría estar asociado con una mayor disponibilidad de refugios ante los depredadores. Nuestros resultados evidencian una subestimación de las densidades poblacionales de erizos en los muestreos diurnos y, por lo tanto, de su potencial impacto en el ecosistema como agentes bioerosionadores, ya que los erizos son mayormente de hábitos nocturnos, pero comúnmente son muestreados durante el día.
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