Desbloqueando el potencial de las algas cultivadas Ecklonia radiata y Cladophora sp. para alimentos sostenibles del futuro: valor nutricional, perfil de ácidos grasos y seguridad microbiana
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Las macroalgas marinas son reconocidas cada vez más como recursos valiosos para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales sostenibles debido a sus diversas composiciones bioquímicas. Su cultivo se ha convertido en un sector importante de la acuicultura mundial, proporcionando fuentes sostenibles de biomasa y ampliando sus posibles aplicaciones. Sin embargo, la biomasa obtenida de muchas operaciones emergentes de cultivo requiere una evaluación exhaustiva de su perfil nutricional. Este estudio evaluó la composición nutricional de Ecklonia radiata y Cladophora sp. cultivadas en granjas australianas y su posible uso en futuras aplicaciones alimentarias. Para garantizar la trazabilidad y consistencia de las materias primas, se realizaron análisis del contenido total de carbohidratos y proteínas, ácidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados, perfiles de omega-3 (e.g., ácido eicosapentaenoico) y omega-6, contenido de α- y β-caroteno, y perfiles completos de aminoácidos. También se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones microbiológicas (recuentos estándar en placa para anaerobios, coliformes, Salmonella, esporas mesófilas, levaduras y mohos) y análisis de metales pesados (Sb, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, Sn y Zn). Entre los resultados más destacados, E. radiata y Cladophora sp. presentaron bajos contenidos totales de grasa (1.56% y 1.8%, respectivamente). Ecklonia radiata se distinguió por su alto contenido de carbohidratos (62.48%) y aminoácidos esenciales, como la lisina (718.52 mg·100 g–1), junto con niveles elevados de omega-3 (especialmente ácido eicosapentaenoico [9.3%]) y una calidad microbiológica aceptable. Por el contrario, Cladophora sp. destacó por su alto contenido de cenizas (60.9%), β-caroteno (180 µg·100 g–1) y arginina (750 mg·100 g–1). Sin embargo, su menor calidad microbiológica y los niveles elevados de metales pesados sugieren la necesidad de precaución al utilizarla como componente en alimentos funcionales. Las diferencias nutricionales entre estas especies sugieren un potencial complementario, lo que abre importantes oportunidades para el desarrollo de futuras aplicaciones de alimentos funcionales basados en algas marinas.
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