Declive de una de las colonias más sureñas de elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris) y su relación con un ambiente marino cálido

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Eunice Donají Rodríguez-Rafael
María de la Concepción García-Aguilar
Felipe Galván-Magaña
Fernando Ricardo Elorriaga-Verplancken

Resumen

Desde hace varias décadas, tanto la temperatura del aire como la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) han incrementado en el Pacífico Nororiental, al igual que la frecuencia de anomalías cálidas de gran escala en la TSM. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el impacto de estas anomalías cálidas en la producción de crías de elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris; EMN) de la colonia del archipiélago San Benito, ubicada en la región centro-occidental de la península de Baja California. Se compilaron los conteos de crías y hembras adultas de las temporadas reproductivas de 2002 a 2019 para determinar la tendencia y la abundancia actual de la colonia, así como para evaluar las variaciones en la tasa de nacimientos durante el periodo de estudio. Asimismo, se analizó la presencia de eventos de anomalías cálidas en la TSM en la zona potencial de alimentación de las hembras adultas (ZPA). La colonia de San Benito decreció a una tasa anual promedio de 3.6% de 2002 a 2019, y para 2019 se estimó la abundancia en 4,723 individuos (IC 95%: 3,821-5,615). Sin embargo, la tasa de nacimientos se mantuvo constante (media 0.68 ± 0.08), a pesar de que se detectaron varios eventos de anomalías cálidas asociadas a los fenómenos de El Niño y La Mancha. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las anomalías cálidas de gran escala en la TSM no impactaron severamente la producción de crías del EMN, por lo que el declive de la colonia de San Benito desde finales de la década de 1990 podría deberse a otros factores ambientales, como el incremento en la temperatura del aire asociado al cambio climático.

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Rodríguez-Rafael, E. D., García-Aguilar, M. de la C., Galván-Magaña, F., & Elorriaga-Verplancken, F. R. (2023). Declive de una de las colonias más sureñas de elefante marino del norte (Mirounga angustirostris) y su relación con un ambiente marino cálido. Ciencias Marinas, 49. https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3361
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